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FFmpeg 的服务端ffserver 实现实时的流媒体服务

1. ffmpeg
2. ffserver
3. ffserver.conf
4. feed1.ffm

1. ffmpeg，负责媒体文件的transcode工作，把你服务器上的源媒体文件转换成要发送出去的流媒体文件。
2. ffserver，负责响应客户端的流媒体请求，把流媒体数据发送给客户端。
3. ffserver.conf，ffserver启动时的配置文件，在这个文件中主要是对网络协议，缓存文件feed1.ffm（见下述）和要发送的流媒体文件的格式参数做具体的设定。
4. feed1.ffm，可以看成是一个流媒体数据的缓存文件，ffmpeg把转码好的数据发送给ffserver，如果没有客户端连接请求，ffserver把数据缓存到该文件中。

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官方例子:配置ffserver.conf文件

# Port on which the server is listening. You must select a different
# port from your standard HTTP web server if it is running on the same
# computer.
Port 8090

# Address on which the server is bound. Only useful if you have
# several network interfaces.
BindAddress 0.0.0.0

# Number of simultaneous HTTP connections that can be handled. It has
# to be defined *before* the MaxClients parameter, since it defines the
# MaxClients maximum limit.
MaxHTTPConnections 2000

# Number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. Since FFServer
# is very fast, it is more likely that you will want to leave this high
# and use MaxBandwidth, below.
MaxClients 1000

# This the maximum amount of kbit/sec that you are prepared to
# consume when streaming to clients.
MaxBandwidth 1000

# Access log file (uses standard Apache log file format)
# '-' is the standard output.
CustomLog -

# Suppress that if you want to launch ffserver as a daemon.
NoDaemon


##################################################################
# Definition of the live feeds. Each live feed contains one video
# and/or audio sequence coming from an ffmpeg encoder or another
# ffserver. This sequence may be encoded simultaneously with several
# codecs at several resolutions.

<Feed feed1.ffm>

# You must use 'ffmpeg' to send a live feed to ffserver. In this
# example, you can type:
#
# ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

# ffserver can also do time shifting. It means that it can stream any
# previously recorded live stream. The request should contain:
# "http://xxxx?date=[YYYY-MM-DDT][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m...]".You must specify
# a path where the feed is stored on disk. You also specify the
# maximum size of the feed, where zero means unlimited. Default:
# File=/tmp/feed_name.ffm FileMaxSize=5M
File /tmp/feed1.ffm
FileMaxSize 200K

# You could specify
# ReadOnlyFile /saved/specialvideo.ffm
# This marks the file as readonly and it will not be deleted or updated.

# Specify launch in order to start ffmpeg automatically.
# First ffmpeg must be defined with an appropriate path if needed,
# after that options can follow, but avoid adding the http:// field
#Launch ffmpeg

# Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.
ACL allow 127.0.0.1

</Feed>


##################################################################
# Now you can define each stream which will be generated from the
# original audio and video stream. Each format has a filename (here
# 'test1.mpg'). FFServer will send this stream when answering a
# request containing this filename.

<Stream test1.mpg>

# coming from live feed 'feed1'
Feed feed1.ffm

# Format of the stream : you can choose among:
# mpeg : MPEG-1 multiplexed video and audio
# mpegvideo : only MPEG-1 video
# mp2 : MPEG-2 audio (use AudioCodec to select layer 2 and 3 codec)
# ogg : Ogg format (Vorbis audio codec)
# rm : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Multiplexed audio and video.
# ra : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Audio only.
# mpjpeg : Multipart JPEG (works with Netscape without any plugin)
# jpeg : Generate a single JPEG image.
# asf : ASF compatible streaming (Windows Media Player format).
# swf : Macromedia Flash compatible stream
# avi : AVI format (MPEG-4 video, MPEG audio sound)
Format mpeg

# Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few
# different bitrates.
AudioBitRate 32

# Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo
AudioChannels 1

# Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should
# lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies
# depend on the selected audio codec.
AudioSampleRate 44100

# Bitrate for the video stream
VideoBitRate 64

# Ratecontrol buffer size
VideoBufferSize 40

# Number of frames per second
VideoFrameRate 3

# Size of the video frame: WxH (default: 160x128)
# The following abbreviations are defined: sqcif, qcif, cif, 4cif, qqvga,
# qvga, vga, svga, xga, uxga, qxga, sxga, qsxga, hsxga, wvga, wxga, wsxga,
# wuxga, woxga, wqsxga, wquxga, whsxga, whuxga, cga, ega, hd480, hd720,
# hd1080
VideoSize 160x128

# Transmit only intra frames (useful for low bitrates, but kills frame rate).
#VideoIntraOnly

# If non-intra only, an intra frame is transmitted every VideoGopSize
# frames. Video synchronization can only begin at an intra frame.
VideoGopSize 12

# More MPEG-4 parameters
# VideoHighQuality
# Video4MotionVector

# Choose your codecs:
#AudioCodec mp2
#VideoCodec mpeg1video

# Suppress audio
#NoAudio

# Suppress video
#NoVideo

#VideoQMin 3
#VideoQMax 31

# Set this to the number of seconds backwards in time to start. Note that
# most players will buffer 5-10 seconds of video, and also you need to allow
# for a keyframe to appear in the data stream.
#Preroll 15

# ACL:

# You can allow ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
#ACL ALLOW <first address>

# You can deny ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
#ACL DENY <first address>

# You can repeat the ACL allow/deny as often as you like. It is on a per
# stream basis. The first match defines the action. If there are no matches,
# then the default is the inverse of the last ACL statement.
#
# Thus 'ACL allow localhost' only allows access from localhost.
# 'ACL deny 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255' would deny the whole of network 1 and
# allow everybody else.

</Stream>


##################################################################
# Example streams


# Multipart JPEG

#<Stream test.mjpg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format mpjpeg
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
#NoAudio
#Strict -1
#</Stream>


# Single JPEG

#<Stream test.jpg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format jpeg
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
##VideoSize 352x240
#NoAudio
#Strict -1
#</Stream>


# Flash

#<Stream test.swf>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format swf
#VideoFrameRate 2
#VideoIntraOnly
#NoAudio
#</Stream>


# ASF compatible

<Stream test.asf>
Feed feed1.ffm
Format asf
VideoFrameRate 15
VideoSize 352x240
VideoBitRate 256
VideoBufferSize 40
VideoGopSize 30
AudioBitRate 64
StartSendOnKey
</Stream>


# MP3 audio

#<Stream test.mp3>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format mp2
#AudioCodec mp3
#AudioBitRate 64
#AudioChannels 1
#AudioSampleRate 44100
#NoVideo
#</Stream>


# Ogg Vorbis audio

#<Stream test.ogg>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Title "Stream title"
#AudioBitRate 64
#AudioChannels 2
#AudioSampleRate 44100
#NoVideo
#</Stream>


# Real with audio only at 32 kbits

#<Stream test.ra>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format rm
#AudioBitRate 32
#NoVideo
#NoAudio
#</Stream>


# Real with audio and video at 64 kbits

#<Stream test.rm>
#Feed feed1.ffm
#Format rm
#AudioBitRate 32
#VideoBitRate 128
#VideoFrameRate 25
#VideoGopSize 25
#NoAudio
#</Stream>


##################################################################
# A stream coming from a file: you only need to set the input
# filename and optionally a new format. Supported conversions:
# AVI -> ASF

#<Stream file.rm>
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm"
#NoAudio
#</Stream>

#<Stream file.asf>
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf"
#NoAudio
#Author "Me"
#Copyright "Super MegaCorp"
#Title "Test stream from disk"
#Comment "Test comment"
#</Stream>


##################################################################
# RTSP examples
#
# You can access this stream with the RTSP URL:
# rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg
#
# A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is:
# http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp

#<Stream test1-rtsp.mpg>
#Format rtp
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
#</Stream>


# Transcode an incoming live feed to another live feed,
# using libx264 and video presets

#<Stream live.h264>
#Format rtp
#Feed feed1.ffm
#VideoCodec libx264
#VideoFrameRate 24
#VideoBitRate 100
#VideoSize 480x272
#AVPresetVideo default
#AVPresetVideo baseline
#AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
#
#AudioCodec libfaac
#AudioBitRate 32
#AudioChannels 2
#AudioSampleRate 22050
#AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
#</Stream>

##################################################################
# SDP/multicast examples
#
# If you want to send your stream in multicast, you must set the
# multicast address with MulticastAddress. The port and the TTL can
# also be set.
#
# An SDP file is automatically generated by ffserver by adding the
# 'sdp' extension to the stream name (here
# http://localhost:8090/test1-sdp.sdp). You should usually give this
# file to your player to play the stream.
#
# The 'NoLoop' option can be used to avoid looping when the stream is
# terminated.

#<Stream test1-sdp.mpg>
#Format rtp
#File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
#MulticastAddress 224.124.0.1
#MulticastPort 5000
#MulticastTTL 16
#NoLoop
#</Stream>


##################################################################
# Special streams

# Server status

<Stream stat.html>
Format status

# Only allow local people to get the status
ACL allow localhost
ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255

#FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico
</Stream>


# Redirect index.html to the appropriate site

<Redirect index.html>
URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/
</Redirect>

(1)实时流用http传输

如果传输硬盘上的文件，则：
ffserver -f myfile/ffmpeg0.8.9/ffserver.conf & ffmpeg -i inputfile(输入文件) http://localhost:10535/feed1.ffm
如何传输摄像头捕获的实时流，则：
ffserver -f myfile/ffmpeg0.8.9/ffserver.conf & ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -framerate 30 -i /dev/video0 http://127.0.0.1:8090/feed1.ffm

启动ffserver和ffmpeg。ffserver先于ffmpeg启动，它在启动的时候需要加参数-f指定其配置文件。ffserver启动后，feed1.ffm就会被创建，这时如果你打开feed1.ffm看看，会发现feed1.ffm开始的部分已经写入了内 容，你可以找到关键字ffm以及向客户端传送流的配置信息，在feed1.ffm做缓冲用的时候，这些信息是不会被覆盖掉的，就把它们理解为 feed1.ffm文件的头吧。

ffserver启动后，ffmpeg启动，它启动时加的一个关键参数就是“http://ip:10535/feed1.ffm”，其中ip是运行 ffserver主机的ip，如果ffmpeg和ffserver都在同一系统中运行的话，用localhost也行。ffmpeg启动后会与 ffserver建立一个连接(短暂的连接)，通过这第一次的连接，ffmpeg从ffserver那里获取了向客户端输出流的配置，并把这些配置作为自 己编码输出的配置，然后ffmpeg断开了这次连接，再次与ffserver建立连接(长久的连接)，利用这个连接ffmpeg会把编码后的数据发送给 ffserver。

如果你观察ffserver端的输出就会发现这段时间会出现两次HTTP的200，这就是两次连接的过程。

ffmpeg从摄像头获取数据后，按照输出流的编码方式编码，然后发送给ffserver，ffserver收到ffmpeg的数据后，如果网络上 没有播放的请求，就把数据写入feed1.ffm中缓存，写入时把数据加上些头信息然后分块，每块4096B（每块也有结构），当feed1.ffm的大 小到了ffserver.conf中规定的大小后，就会从文件开始（跳过头）写入，覆盖旧的数据。直到网络上有播放的请求，ffserver从 feed1.ffm中读取数据，发送给客户端。

使用ffmpeg对本地文件流化

./ffmpeg -i ./1.mov -vcodec libx264 -qmin 3 -qmax 31 -qdiff 4 -me_range 16 -keyint_min 25 -qcomp 0.6 -b 9000K http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

捕捉本地摄像头数据

./ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm

(2)本地文件用http传输

ffserver -f /etc/ffserver.conf

用命令启动ffserver，然后用ffplay http://ip:port/test.flv,或者在vlc中输入以上网址也可实现播放。

(3)本地文件用rtsp传输

ffserver -f /etc/ffserver.conf

用命令启动ffserver，然后用ffplay rtsp://ip:port/rtsp.mpg，或者在vlc中输入以上网址也可实现播放。

备注：在做测试的时候，用rtsp不能传输flv文件。